Liquid nitrogen enabler

ABSTRACT

This invention is a means to quell uncontrolled fires, dissipate low-pressure cells in tornado-producing clouds and make ordinance as mines, old bombs and the like inert and provide a design opportunity for lava flows. For each operation, one applies unique means of distribution of Liquid Nitrogen, either above the surface sufficiently to allow it to rain down from holes in a trough forming a pattern in the bottom of an encircling or linear trough held up with stakes or legs of a length optimum for maximum evaporation before hitting the surface, or underground with drilling means or preparatory piping or well placed air drops of Liquid Nitrogen. This produces local cooling and expansion of inert gas supplanting the general atmosphere with a nitrogen atmosphere reducing significantly the amount of oxygen available and increasing the atmospheric pressure. Both cooling and flooding with inert gas quickly quell of fires. The expansion of gas sprayed in tornado-producing clouds raises the atmospheric pressure. Cooling renders inert fused ordinance as mines and bombs. They cannot explode or detonate at these extremely low temperatures. Liquid Nitrogen can control both lava flows and flooding making the flowing liquid a solid by lowering its temperature.

BACKGROUND

[0001] Nitrogen as a molecule, N₂, comprises 78% of the atmospheric gasthroughout the earth. Extreme cooling isolates oxygen, another molecule,O₂, comprising about 21% of atmospheric gas, the process can liquefyeither N₂ or O₂. Nitrogen molecular gas is as inert as Helium or otherNoble gases, whereas Oxygen molecular gas is explosive, oxidizinganything it contacts. Therefore, in volatile situations, where somethingis likely to bum or explode, Nitrogen is preferred, even to Noble gasessince Noble gases are rare, and thus expensive, compared to Nitrogen.Liquid Nitrogen is stable between −210° and −195.8° Centigrade, mightycold. Liquid Oxygen is stable between −218.79° and −182.97° Centigrade.Viewing Liquid Nitrogen in a dewar, it looks as clear as water. If onepours it out on a tile or cement floor, droplets of it rise above thefloor and skitter in all directions gathering loose dust and dirt. Whenit is fully evaporated, the dust and dirt are at the spot of itsextinction. This use has no function.

[0002] The skittering droplets of Liquid Nitrogen happen because theliquid has a very high surface tension making its shape at rest asagging ball. It rises from the floor, which is warm, because the warmthcauses the Liquid Nitrogen to evaporate. This levitation is the resultof the jet-like gas production caused by this warming. It is hard tobalance on a point to stay in place, so as the drop becomes off-centerof the gas jet, it leans in a direction and the gas jet then propels itin that direction as it warms to the temperature of the atmosphere andthe floor beneath it. Since Liquid Nitrogen is so very cold, and the gasjet is cold as well, even dirt stuck on the floor freezes and flakes offthe floor as it freezes coating the droplet. Since it freezes andreaches the temperature of the Liquid Nitrogen, it can adhere to thecold droplet without causing the liquid around it to gasify orevaporate. Thus, the dirt and dust flow with the droplet at the samespeed and essentially polluting the droplet until it is dissipated.

[0003] Evaporating it goes from a liquid density of 19.54 pounds percubic foot to gas at −195.8° C. boiling point at 0.083 pounds per cubicfoot, indicating an expansion of 235 times in the process of evaporatingand cooling to −147° C. and to 0.078 pounds per cubic foot warming to17.7° C., an expansion of 250 times the liquid volume. If it enters afire, there is further expansion as it heats to the burn temperature.Thus, non-fire applications of Liquid Nitrogen would have a liter ofLiquid Nitrogen evaporate into 250 liters of molecular Nitrogen gas. Thevolume change would be from 1 cube unit as Liquid Nitrogen to 6.3 unitscubed. In a fire situation, the heat of the fire will expand the gaseousNitrogen even further. For this reason, it is well to guage the size ofthe task and use only as much Liquid Nitrogen as needed to “do the job.”

[0004] To raise the temperature from −195.8° C. to 17.7° C. pullsconsiderable heat from the region. Thus if the Liquid Nitrogen could becontrolled or at least pause in the area where a fire needs controllinglong enough to draw the heat energy from the fire, it is hard to sustainthe burning. Add to that the inertness of the gas, the fact that aNitrogen atmosphere will not sustain a fire. Thus there are twocomponents of Liquid Nitrogen, which, when it evaporates, would preventa fire from continuing to burn.

[0005] Another function of the Liquid Nitrogen is the fact that chemicalreactions are temperature dependent and can be slowed and even stoppedby lowering the temperature. Therefore, it would be most useful to finda means to control the locality of Liquid Nitrogen while it evaporatesto concentrate the purity of the Nitrogen atmosphere and the heat losscaused by evaporation of Liquid Nitrogen and its heating to 17.7° C.This patent application addresses this capability.

[0006] All work with Liquid Nitrogen here described should be done withbreathing air for people and animals supplied if close to the areaaffected and intake air for combustion engines. Electric motor drivenunits are not affected by the atmospheric content change.

[0007] The Discovery: To slow the flow from the origin of the LiquidNitrogen, the origin being, for example, the spot where the LiquidNitrogen goes as it is poured from a dewar, one can use an elevatedtrough pierced with holes to shower the Liquid Nitrogen down in manynarrow streams or drip lines. This will give maximum exposure of theLiquid to warm gases in the atmosphere as it falls causing much of it togasify. This cools the air, but the burst of the cool, dense Nitrogengas will push other gases from the location where it is raining LiquidNitrogen. What does not evaporate hits the surface and will skitter ifthe surface is smooth and dry. If it is gravel or sand it may dig itselfinto the ground with its weight and liquidness making the groundextremely cold and effervescent with gaseous Nitrogen boiling to thesurface. This both increases the amount of inert Nitrogen gas and lowersthe ambient temperature considerably freezing water and attractingfrost.

DESCRIPTIONS OF FIGURES

[0008]FIG. 1—Design of the trough or gutter.

[0009]FIG. 2—Nozzle design for varying the number of flow points from adewar or other Liquid Nitrogen source as a insulated truck or trailer.

[0010]FIG. 3—One circular design using multiple curved units and atwo-outlet source with applications to surround single point fires oflarge size.

[0011]FIG. 4—Fire quelling in a residence fire at window entry ofequipment and Nitrogen dissipation.

[0012]FIG. 5—Fire quelling in a slab structure and on floor fires intall buildings.

[0013]FIG. 6—Fire quelling and preventing collapse in vehicle, plane androcket attacks on buildings by inserting a trough and pouring LiquidNitrogen into it.

[0014]FIG. 7—Shows means to increase pressure in an active tornado usingLiquid Nitrogen and questions if it could apply to hurricanes.

[0015]FIG. 8—A circular trough design with hydraulic inner leg sections,which expand when in place undercuts and lifts an explosive unit as abomb or mine.

[0016]FIG. 9—Shows hydraulically expandable sections of the legs.

[0017]FIG. 10—Shows leg sections hydraulically expanded and LiquidNitrogen in the trough and raining down to the surface cooling the mineand freezing leg sections.

[0018]FIG. 11—Shows the detonation device, now inert, lifted with troughunit and shoveled by undercutting it below the hydraulically inflatedleg sections allowing the whole structure including mine to be moved inthe Liquid Nitrogen cooled state.

[0019]FIG. 12—shows Liquid Nitrogen used to postpone detonation ofunderground ordinance and saving of the integrity of the system theordinance was to destroy.

[0020]FIG. 13—Lava flow arresting can create a plateau, which can beplumbed for use and in preparation for a dam holding back stream waterforming a mountainside lake.

[0021]FIG. 13a shows the preparation apparatus. FIG. 13b shows the lavacooled and covering grid. FIG. 13c shows resulting area with dam on highside of plateaus with lake. The Lake will stop future lava flows fromdestroying this area by cooling it.

[0022] The Method: One way to apply Liquid Nitrogen to a limited regionis to use galvanized gutter material forming a circle if one has a pointfire as a burning oil well or chemical volatility that must bediminished as with a mine, an explosive unit that detonates with a touchor touch sequence, or forming linear trough with the circumstance of araging fire line moving to cross a line that would endanger lives orproperty. The gutter is pierced with holes at a size as, but not limitedto, a quarter inch (¼″) diameter in an area pattern as zigzag so thatwhen the Liquid Nitrogen is poured into the gutter it flows to fill thegutter and leaks out of the holes making an area of raining LiquidNitrogen flowing onto the ground or surface below. The purpose is toexpose the Liquid Nitrogen to generate the most gaseous Nitrogen andproduce the greatest cooling.

[0023]FIG. 1 shows the design of the trough or gutter with FIG. 1arepresenting a cross section of the trough (1) showing a spike (2),which enters the ground leaving a gap between the surface (4) and thegutter outer skin (3) at the height needed to make the raining LiquidNitrogen evaporate most efficiently for the particular application. Theroll or core edge (5) gives the trough strength to retain its shapeduring use. FIG. 1b, the top view, shows the holes (6) are patterned (7)to give a thickness to the rain of Liquid Nitrogen. FIG. 1c, the sideview, shows the trough with the holes (6) on the side showing and thespikes (2) with the selected distance between the surface (4) and theouter skin (3) of the trough. The roll or core edge (5) stiffens thetrough structure.

[0024] In practice, the trough would be leveled such that the end orpart of the structure where the Liquid Nitrogen Source pours into is thehighest and, with gradual slope, the final or end of flow section is thelowest. The dewar can be the source outlet for a straight trough as forstopping the circular airflow and burning of the leading edge of aforest fire. The dewar with a “T” nozzle is recommended for a circulartrough where the base of the “T” is sealed to the dewar and the two endsof the top of the “T” pour the Liquid Nitrogen out into the trough inboth directions at once.

[0025]FIG. 2 shows this configuration with the dewar (10) having the “T”(8) base (8 a) sealed to the dewar outlet (10 a) and the two ends of thetop of the “T”, (8 b and 8 c) form the outlets for the Liquid Nitrogen(9).

[0026]FIG. 3 shows a three unit circular ring (1 a, 1 b, 1 c) as mightbe used for encircling a well fire (20). The dewar (10) with a “T”nozzle (8) pours Liquid Nitrogen in both directions into the circulartrough (1) flowing from the highpoint (12) where the Liquid Nitrogen (9)is introduced, to the opposite side of the circle (13) where theNitrogen (9) flows while leaking through the holes (6) and raining downon the ground in a wide line (7) on the surface surrounding the fire.The dynamics of fire convection is that the heat of the fire heats theair above and radiating out from the fire, while the air near the groundis cooler and drawn into the fire, heated and flows upward pulling morecool ground air toward the fire making a rolling action surrounding thepoint of the fire.

[0027]FIG. 3a shows how to optimize the trough height in fireconditions. The wind input draft (30) has a height limit which isdetermined by a wind pole (31) with light weight fabric strips tiedaround it with long ends left to blow in the wind. The strips above thisdraft (32) are limp, whereas the strips in the draft (33) extend out inthe direction of the wind flow. The break height between strips (32) and(33) is the optimum height of the stakes (2) holding the trough inplace. This is the height of the stakes used in FIG. 3 apparatus wherethe nitrogen (9) pours from the trough (1) through this flow which supercools the air and floods it with nitrogen gas faster than it can bedrawn into the fire. This disrupts the wind draft by becoming the gassource; cools it, thus reducing the fire energy; and floods the space ofthe fire with Nitrogen stopping the burning.

[0028]FIG. 4 shows the use of the wind pole (31) in treating a housefire to determine if the window, which was opened by whatever meansincluding breaking the glass is in the fire draw. If, when the window isopened, the strips go from pointing down (32) to blown horizontal (33),that window can be used for the Liquid Nitrogen treatment. If not, tryanother window until you find one that becomes the air intake for thefire. Place a half-circular pan (11) inside the window (14) with stakes(2) that attach to the pan rim (5) and rest on the windowsill (15) andpouring receptacle (11 a) outside the window so Liquid Nitrogen (9) canbe poured into the pan (11) from outside. The pan (11) has holes (6) ina pattern (7) that allow the Liquid Nitrogen (9) to shower down to thefloor (4) past the window (14) with a wide path (7) for the draft topass through the Liquid Nitrogen streams before it goes to the fire.Shortly, the Wind pole (31) ties will all droop (32) because the pull ofair to the fire is coming from the Nitrogen gas (9) coming from thestreams of Liquid Nitrogen rather than the air from outside the window.When the Nitrogen is gone and the draft does not start again, the fireis out. This is a quick process. Immediately rescuers wearing air tankbreathing apparatus and carrying extra oxygen rich air tank breathingequipment should enter the building to find people or animals in thebuilding. Once they have the breathing equipment in place, artificialrespiration may be needed to resuscitate those in the fire since theNitrogen atmosphere can render them unconscious. This must be doneimmediately. The procedure prevents much of the burning of those rescuedhad this technique not been used to quickly quell the fire.

[0029]FIG. 5 illustrates fires in slab building structures or floorisolated fires in tall buildings, the strip trough method should be usedwhich is recommended above for stopping the leading edge of a forest orgrass fire. The trough with a center Liquid Nitrogen pouring location(12) should be set up in the central hall with an entry of the dewartube from the storage dewar or tank truck (10). The “T” configuration ofthe tube end (8) is required so Liquid Nitrogen pours in both directionsinto the trough. The level of the trough should be highest at the LiquidNitrogen entry (12) and slant, say one inch per foot of trough, to theends (13). Stakes (2) need to be planted in flag stand type boots so thetrough does not fall down with the flow of Liquid Nitrogen. Seal theentry of the dewar tube to prevent air from entering. Start the Nitrogenflow. The raised trough with holes (6) in patterns (7) will let theNitrogen drop through the holes so it will evaporate into super cool airduring the fall. The Liquid Nitrogen left hitting the floor will skitterall over the floor distributing the Nitrogen to all parts of that floorof the building, and, where there are passages as stairwells andelevator shafts, to other floors of the building. After the prescribedamount of Nitrogen, say a barrel a foot of trough plus a barrel per twoto five linear feet of floor space beyond that depending on the volumeof that floor of the building. This will flood the floor, floor toceiling with Nitrogen gas stopping the burn and markedly cooling the airand physical structure. Once applied, again get rescuers into the areawearing air tank breathing apparatus and carrying oxygen rich air tankbreathing equipment for those found, resuscitating those who havestopped breathing immediately at the place they are found. Keeping thebreathing with equipment over the nose and mouth of those needingrescue, move them or help them walk to safety.

[0030]FIG. 6 illustrates the case of an assault on a building with anexternal vehicle, truck, aircraft, rocket, one can deliver a trough, say200 feet long, made of, for example, 33-foot sections with the sixty sixfeet closest to the building having patterned (7) holes (6) and an openend (13-16), and the other end having a closed end (12-17). If on theground floor this can be carried into the burning building (21) on atruck bed and rammed in the pathway under or aside the attack vehicle(22). If an airborne missile, rocket or plane (22), hit the building andlodged inside, two helicopters will raise the assembled trough (1) tothe proper height to match the entry and then fly towards the buildingfrom above the roof level sliding the trough in along the side of theplane, not in through the fuselage. The ties to the trough for thehelicopter closest to the building (24) should be just building-side ofthe center so it puts some weight on the outside end. This strap isreleased to the roof to be tied around the elevator shack or othersecure roof feature. Those on the roof should tie it securely. The outerhelicopter (25) has two straps around the end area of the trough. Itlets one fall onto the roof, which is secured to the looped feature asthe outer end is lifted (12) to insure that the Liquid Nitrogen (9) willflow into the building down the trough (13), and then the second strapis released to again hook into and be tied securely to the roof feature.

[0031] Then the helicopters pick up dewars (10) of Liquid Nitrogen (9)with a dropped dewar tube (10 a) to allow flow of Liquid Nitrogen intothe trough outside the building and flowing down the trough rainingLiquid Nitrogen from the inside end of the trough with patterned holes(6) and with any remaining in the trough flowing across the floorcooling and evaporating as it goes. This will oxygen-starve the fire,even of jet fuel, and cool the building structures from the “hot floor.”To supplement the cooling and increase the Nitrogen affect on fireelsewhere in the building, like burning fuel running down the elevatorshaft, dewars (10) of Liquid Nitrogen that empty into a round pan (1)affixed to the dewar (10), with patterns (7) of holes (6) will give thefastest dispersal of Nitrogen gas and greatest cooling rate for theinterior structural units of the building preventing the meltdown thatoccurred when the World Trade Center was attacked by two airliners onSep. 11, 2001. This method, if applied quickly, may have prevented thecollapse of the buildings by stopping the petroleum burn and cooling theentire structure. To save the people traveling in the stairwells,buffers, like a row of sandbags, should encircle the entrance to thestairwell so the Nitrogen gas does not asphyxiate those using theseescape routes. Rescuers wearing air tank breathing apparatus, againshould enter the fire area with oxygen rich air tank equipment to rescuesurvivors. The fire put out this quickly will save the people fromfurther burning, but precaution must be taken to not re-ignite remainingjet fuel or other fire fueling substances. Centers of beams, externalmetal and other hot places can ignite the fuel if it contacts thesespots. Vacuuming up explosive liquids as quickly as possible can preventthis re-ignition.

[0032] This illustrates the purpose of this technology for fire control.

[0033]FIG. 7 shows this same concept of shower application of LiquidNitrogen (9) can be applied to dissipating tornados. Having a cargoplane carrying one or more trailer dewars (10) of Liquid Nitrogen (9)with dispersion dewar tubes (10 a) leading to a sprinkler head nozzle(8), they can fly to the clouds suspected of producing tornados becauseof the buildup of extremely low atmospheric pressure and unload theLiquid Nitrogen (9) which, as it cools, evaporates into about 250 timesis liquid volume. The cooling may exacerbate the hail from the clouds,but it should increase the air-pressure in the cells that create thetwisters. This is the same concept as putting the Liquid Nitrogen in therolling, leading edge of an advancing fire to stop the destructiveairflow pattern. The volume of Liquid Nitrogen needed for hurricanetaming needs to be calculated and hail increase figured before thismethod can apply in this circumstance.

[0034]FIG. 8 starts a series of illustration to stop the explosion ofordinance needing to be cleared. A small circle surrounding a mine inthe dirt or sand can be made before removing it from its location. Atrough (1) the same size with slit holes (6) so the Liquid Nitrogenpours down faster than for fire applications since the preferredfunction of the Liquid Nitrogen here is cooling the mine to make theexplosive material inert long enough to move the mine (26) from itslocation to a detonation chamber. This unit has a second feature, doublesectioned legs (27) with a structural support section (28) on theoutside and an inflatable inner section (29). This figure shows the topview of the mine with the cap on top defined.

[0035]FIG. 9 shows this inner leg section (29) filled hydraulically withwater or oil expanding it in the lower section to extend from the leg(28) to under the mine (26) allowing the mine to be lifted from thesurface (4) a small distance. The mine (26) is shown in FIG. 9a. FIG. 9bshows the expanded hydraulic section (29) from the front and side. FIG.9c shows the trough unit (1) in side view with the leg sections (29)expanded to slide under the mine. FIG. 9d shows the structure, bottomview, from the surface looking up with the leg sections (29) extendingunder the mine (26) in equal spaced segments enabling the whole unit,trough and mine, to be lifted once the whole area is Liquid Nitrogencooled.

[0036]FIG. 10 shows the mine cooling trough (1) with the mine (26)cooled by the Liquid Nitrogen (9) here being poured into the trough witha single nozzle dewar (8). A “T” nozzle would be used on a largercircular trough or where linear troughs are applied and the LiquidNitrogen is brought in at a center location rather than from one end.With the Liquid Nitrogen (9) poured in, it fills the trough (1) andflows from the holes (6). One would keep the flow going at a rate thatretains the Liquid Nitrogen in the trough, yet not overflowing itsgunnels (5), the rolled or core edge, though it will splash over as theLiquid Nitrogen is introduced to the warm trough. This splashing willslow as the trough reaches Liquid Nitrogen temperature. The inner leg(29) components flooded with oil or water become rock-hard with cooledto below freezing temperatures enabling the tough-mine unit to betransported with the mine held in place by the inflated units (29).

[0037]FIG. 11 shows the next step in the mine (26) transfer. Once cooledto near Liquid Nitrogen temperature, the mine becomes inert and can beshoveled from its location and placed in a detonation chamber. A properrobotic design will have a lifting device (19) as this hook unit servesand a shoveling (18) unit with attachments to the carrying device (38)to allow the shovel to be pushed under the trough (1) and mine (26)lifting these as a unit. The lift will separate the trough and mine unitfrom the surface (4) either at the surface or at the depth where theground is not frozen solid.

[0038] The mine removal method can save life and limb and tools, whichare ruined by explosions. It can be used on big pot mines as the Iraqi'sleft on the bridge over the Tigris River in April 2003 during the IraqWar, or the small Pop Mines buried shallow in the ground. Once a mine isfound, this technique will make its removal safer protecting those doingthis tenuous job. During this work, one must supply breathing air forthose working directly at the scene of Liquid Nitrogen use and forcombustion engines.

[0039] To extend the application of the inertness of the explosive in anordinance device when cooled, the transport of these un-detonated unitscan be done safely if they are retained at Liquid Nitrogen temperaturesas putting them in Liquid Nitrogen or in a trailer cooled and maintainedat Liquid Nitrogen temperature until it is stored or exploded.

[0040] For point-fire control, as putting out the fire in oil well-firesor even surrounding a burning storage tank of petroleum or othercombustible material, the large, multi-unit trough is chosen withsmaller holes so the longer track of the trough filled with a “T” nozzlecan be flooded around the whole circumference with a reasonable volumeand flow rate of Liquid Nitrogen.

[0041] Predicted Liquid Nitrogen volumes to realize the goal of thesetechniques are a liter or two of Liquid Nitrogen for the mine coolingtechnique and about a barrel or two of Liquid Nitrogen for quelling awell fire. For a huge storage tank, a barrel for every ten feet ofcircumference will probably quell the blaze and lower the temperature ofthe flammable liquid or solid so it will not readily re-ignite. Linearapplications can use a barrel every ten feet to have a Nitrogen gasvolume sufficient to extinguish the leading edge of a forest firestopping its progress.

[0042]FIG. 12 shows another use of Liquid Nitrogen in this discovery,with detonators (21) deep in the ground as with oil wells in northernIraq, which have detonators 20′ below the surface. Using a dewar pipe(10 a) formed inside a drill bit (10 b) long enough to probe near thedetonator, one sprays Liquid Nitrogen at the level of the detonator tofreeze it solid and cool the immediate vicinity to Liquid Nitrogentemperatures. Retaining the explosives at Liquid Nitrogen temperature,dig to the frozen volume and remove the whole section while cold. If theexplosive is tied to the well pipe (34), a water cutter (37) directedparallel to the pipe at the pipe outer skin cuts the explosive loose.Also if the pipe is banded to hold the explosive against it, the watercutter can be directed to cut in a path from the pipe wall outward onthe side of the pipe away from the explosives. One swipe downward nextto the pipe wall will cut the band. The water cutter can also be used tocut away a segment of the oil well pipe to be removed with the explosivesince the oil in the pipe just below the cooled section is solid, cooledby the Liquid Nitrogen. In that case, after the explosive chunk isbrought up, the drill pipe should remain in place keeping the oil in theremaining pipeline solid until the petroleum engineers can have itplumbed back into the repaired wellhead. Before the oil is allowed towarm up to flow, the reconstructed wellhead must be in place and thevalve closed preventing oil flow. The valve can be opened when thepipeline system is ready to transport the oil.

[0043]FIG. 13 shows how the cooling effect of Liquid Nitrogen cancontrol the lava flow in volcanos or any other uncontrolled flow ofmaterial, even water in a flood or a mudslide. A threatening lava flowcan be stopped. It also can be part of planned construction in the placeit cools. One places the straight trough (1) with patterned holesdefining the stop line for the width of the lava flow (35). Pouring inthe Liquid Nitrogen (9) will cause the rain of the Liquid Nitrogencooling the flow into rock and the nitrogen gas atmosphere will preventburning of vegetation and structures. Were there time to prepare an areafor the approaching lava flow, a grid (36), forming a level horizontalplane, can be laid across the flow path with air vents (36 a) atintersections in the grid going upward an long enough to be above thelava rock level expected, and end points in the grid with extended pipe(36 c) beyond the expected lava rock volume will have temporary ends ofeither the funnels (36 b) for pouring in the Liquid Nitrogen or withtemporary air vents again at the height of other air vents. Pipediameters should be such that whatever use these tunneling pipes are tobe put to can be done, as water, electric, telephone and sewage lines. Asecond level grid, same as the first, can be placed to catch overflow oflava to make a second tier. After that, the flow stopping troughdelivery of Liquid Nitrogen is used.

[0044] As the lava (35) approaches, the grid pipes should be filled withLiquid Nitrogen so the pipes are cold enough to solidify lava aroundthem into solid rock. If the integrity of the grid is lost, the lavawill continue its flow and the grid pipes will melt into the flow. Thusit is important to retain the Liquid Nitrogen availability for thisprocess to work. Once rock has formed around the pipes and the lava flowstopped, a dam (39) can be built on the upward side to hold back waterflowing down the mountain as a stream making a lake. Later eruptions mayhave lava flow in the direction of this plateau rock and lake (40), butit should stop as it enters the lake, being cooled by the lake water.

Therefore I claim:
 1. A method of enabling Liquid Nitrogen's usefulnessin both cooling and providing inert gas, nitrogen, (N₂), in a designatedlocation by raising its distribution channel, trough, above the surfacehigh enough to get maximum temperature change for cooling by conductionand evaporation and through evaporation to produce an inert atmospherebefore it skitters away from the targeted event.
 2. A method, accordingto claim 1, that allows selection of the trough height by dimension ofthe stake to give the maximum desired effect be it cooling the targetevent or item or flooding it with an inert Nitrogen gas atmosphere orboth.
 3. A method, according to claim 1, to increase the volume of thisLiquid Nitrogen rain by putting the holes in the trough in a pattern,as, but not limited to, a zigzag pattern, to make the rain fall over awider line or circumference line width as defined by the trough unitshape.
 4. A method, according to claim 2, which allows the trough to beconstructed in units to give ease of transport and assembly such thatthe plural of them constructs the desired shape of the trough unit be itlinear, circular or irregular in shape.
 5. A method of pouring theLiquid Nitrogen from the source in multiple directions, as for twodirections using a “T” nozzle affixed on the dewar spout so LiquidNitrogen pours evenly out each side of the “T” top into, for example,two linear segments going in opposite directions or both directions in acircle configured trough.
 6. A method in claim 5 of pouring LiquidNitrogen underground as having the dewar pipe installed in a drill bitcarrying the flow origin at the end of the bit.
 7. A method to quelluncontrollable fires by replacing the atmosphere with a nearly nitrogenpure atmosphere and drawing energy from the fire by cooling byconvection and by evaporation.
 8. A method of increasing the atmosphericpressure with infusion of Liquid Nitrogen where a unit of LiquidNitrogen equals 250 units of atmospheric temperature gas as in raisingthe atmospheric pressure in an active tornado eliminating the airflowpattern giving it its destructive power.
 9. A method to inactivate anexplosive device as, but not limited to, a mine, by lowering itstemperature to the point that it becomes inert and then while it is socooled, removing it, keeping it at Liquid Nitrogen temperature until itis in an appropriate place as a detonation chamber.
 10. A method,according to claim 9, that cools locations of buried ordinance or minesby placing Liquid Nitrogen at its suspected depth for safe removal andprotection of the function of what it was placed to destroy.
 11. Amethod of cooling a liquid flow so its solid form dams the continuedflow.
 12. A method in claim 11 that allows design of the site of flowstoppage so future flows are controlled from passing into theestablished positions.